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data-end=\"1390\">\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1393\" data-end=\"2129\">\n<li data-start=\"1393\" data-end=\"1568\">\n<p data-start=\"1395\" data-end=\"1568\"><strong data-start=\"1395\" data-end=\"1421\">\u09b8\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c1\u09b9\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4:<\/strong> \u09b0\u09c7\u099c\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc, \u0995\u09a4\u099c\u09a8 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4 \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0997\u09a4\u0995\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8: &quot;\u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099c\u09a8 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c1 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09a4\u099c\u09a8 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09ac\u09c7?&quot;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1569\" data-end=\"1762\">\n<p data-start=\"1571\" data-end=\"1762\"><strong data-start=\"1571\" data-end=\"1592\">\u09a8\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4:<\/strong> \u09ab\u09b2 \u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09a8\u0964 \u099c\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8, &quot;\u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ee\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b2\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09eb\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be \u0986\u099b\u09c7 - \u0995\u09bf \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09ac\u09c7?&quot; \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 \u099a\u09bf\u09a0\u09bf\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0, \u09b8\u09b9\u099c \u09ac\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0989\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1763\" data-end=\"1920\">\n<p data-start=\"1765\" data-end=\"1920\"><strong data-start=\"1765\" data-end=\"1783\">\u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4:<\/strong> \u09b9\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u099a \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964 \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b2\u09be\u09ab \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc &quot;\u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be&quot; \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0985\u09a5\u09ac\u09be \u09b2\u09be\u09a0\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c8\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09cd\u09af \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 - \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc\/\u099b\u09cb\u099f, \u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\/\u099b\u09cb\u099f\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"2129\">\n<p data-start=\"1923\" data-end=\"2129\"><strong data-start=\"1923\" data-end=\"1937\">\u0996\u09c7\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc:<\/strong> \u09b8\u09be\u09aa \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ae\u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u09ac\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u0997\u09c7\u09ae\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf &quot;\u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be&quot; \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b8\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u0995\u09c7 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09b8\u09bf\u0997\u09b2\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u09a8 \u09af\u09c7 \u098f\u0987 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09c7\u09ae\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0995\u09ae \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac \u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b6\u0995\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2131\" data-end=\"2251\">\ud83d\udc49 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae? \u098f\u099f\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09cb <strong data-start=\"2159\" data-end=\"2193\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0, \u0995\u09cc\u09a4\u09c1\u0995\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995<\/strong>\u0997\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a3\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be - \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u0964<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2253\" data-end=\"2256\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2258\" data-end=\"2333\">\u09e8. \u0985\u09a6\u09c3\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c3\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2335\" data-end=\"2656\">\u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u0997\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u0996\u09a8\u0987 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09b6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u0964 \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09aa\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u09ad (\u0995\u09bf\u0989\u09ac, \u0995\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0, \u09a6\u09b6-\u09ab\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09ae) \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a3\u09c0\u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0993 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 - \u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf <strong data-start=\"2477\" data-end=\"2535\">\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u09a4\u09c1\u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09a8<\/strong>\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09ae\u09c7\u099f\u09be-\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u099c\u09bf \u09b6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u0998\u09ae\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a6\u09c0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be (Carbonneau et al., 2013)\u0964<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2658\" data-end=\"2691\"><strong data-start=\"2658\" data-end=\"2689\">\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2692\" data-end=\"3359\">\n<li data-start=\"2692\" data-end=\"2872\">\n<p data-start=\"2694\" data-end=\"2872\"><strong data-start=\"2694\" data-end=\"2720\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b8\u09b9 \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be:<\/strong> \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09e7\u09e6\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09be\u0993\u0964 \u09ac\u09b2\u09cb, &quot;\u0986\u09ae\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09eb\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u0993\u0964&quot; \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 \u09eb\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4 \u0986\u0981\u0995\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09c7\u0964 \u0995\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f \u2192 \u099a\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u2192 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4 (CPA)\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2873\" data-end=\"3047\">\n<p data-start=\"2875\" data-end=\"3047\"><strong data-start=\"2875\" data-end=\"2907\">\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09b6-\u09ab\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09ae:<\/strong> \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ab\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ed\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c1\u09a8\u0964 \u099c\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8: &quot;\u0995\u09a4\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8 \u0996\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u0986\u099b\u09c7? \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09e8\u099f\u09bf \u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09bf, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09c0 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7?&quot; \u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09a6\u09c3\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc (&quot;\u09eb \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09e8 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ed \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc&quot;)\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3048\" data-end=\"3196\">\n<p data-start=\"3050\" data-end=\"3196\"><strong data-start=\"3050\" data-end=\"3078\">\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a7\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u099f\u09be:<\/strong> \u09ae\u09c7\u099d\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09cb\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1 6 \u09a8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a6\u09be\u0981\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 3 \u09a8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u098f\u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 &quot;\u09a4\u09c1\u09ae\u09bf \u0995\u09cb\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0985\u09ac\u09a4\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u099b?&quot; \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c7\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u0995\u09b0\u09cb: 6 + 3 = 9\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3197\" data-end=\"3359\">\n<p data-start=\"3199\" data-end=\"3359\"><strong data-start=\"3199\" data-end=\"3221\">\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u0995 \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u0982:<\/strong> \u09a4\u09cb\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09cb: &quot;\u0986\u09ae\u09bf \u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09e8\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u098f\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09e9\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u099b\u09bf\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7, \u098f\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09eb\u0964&quot; \u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3361\" data-end=\"3509\">\ud83d\udc49 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0995\u09a5\u09be \u09b9\u09b2 <strong data-start=\"3375\" data-end=\"3399\">\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u0997<\/strong>\u0964 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a7\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0 \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf &quot;\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be&quot; \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be - \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09ae\u09a1\u09c7\u09b2 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a5 \u0996\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3511\" data-end=\"3514\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"3516\" data-end=\"3591\">\u09e9. \u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0997\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c1\u09a8: \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u0997\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09be<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3593\" data-end=\"3841\">\u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ac\u09be\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b6\u09c7\u0996\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be, \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 <strong data-start=\"3663\" data-end=\"3691\">\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09b8\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u0997\u09a4\u09bf<\/strong> (\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09b8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09be, \u09e8\u09e6\u09e7\u09ea)\u0964 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u098f\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0987, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be\u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09be \u09a8\u09a1\u09bc\u09ac\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09b8\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u0987 <strong data-start=\"3780\" data-end=\"3803\">\u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09be<\/strong> \u0995\u09be\u09ae \u0987\u09a8 (\u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b2, \u09e7\u09ef\u09ed\u09ee):<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"3843\" data-end=\"4153\">\n<li data-start=\"3843\" data-end=\"3898\">\n<p data-start=\"3846\" data-end=\"3898\"><strong data-start=\"3846\" data-end=\"3860\">\u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u098f\u0995<\/strong> - \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6 \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3899\" data-end=\"3960\">\n<p data-start=\"3902\" data-end=\"3960\"><strong data-start=\"3902\" data-end=\"3918\">\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2\u09be<\/strong> - \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a6\u09be \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3961\" data-end=\"4018\">\n<p data-start=\"3964\" data-end=\"4018\"><strong data-start=\"3964\" data-end=\"3979\">\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09bf<\/strong> - \u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u09ae\u09cb\u099f\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4019\" data-end=\"4087\">\n<p data-start=\"4022\" data-end=\"4087\"><strong data-start=\"4022\" data-end=\"4037\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8<\/strong> - \u09af\u09c7\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 (\u0996\u09c7\u09b2\u09a8\u09be, \u09b9\u09be\u09a4\u09a4\u09be\u09b2\u09bf, \u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09be\u09a8\u09cb)\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4088\" data-end=\"4153\">\n<p data-start=\"4091\" data-end=\"4153\"><strong data-start=\"4091\" data-end=\"4112\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b0-\u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be<\/strong> \u2013 \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7 \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"4155\" data-end=\"4188\"><strong data-start=\"4155\" data-end=\"4186\">\u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4189\" data-end=\"4661\">\n<li data-start=\"4189\" data-end=\"4313\">\n<p data-start=\"4191\" data-end=\"4313\"><strong data-start=\"4191\" data-end=\"4221\">\u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 \u099a\u09bf\u09a0\u09bf\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0:<\/strong> \u09a8\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09aa \u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u0995\u09bf \u09a6\u09c1\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09bf \u098f\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc? \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ab\u09cb\u09b2\u09cd\u09a1 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4314\" data-end=\"4459\">\n<p data-start=\"4316\" data-end=\"4459\"><strong data-start=\"4316\" data-end=\"4338\">\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be:<\/strong> \u09ed\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf \u0997\u09cb\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0, \u099c\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8, &quot;\u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf \u0986\u099b\u09c7?&quot; \u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u0996\u09a8\u0993 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09ac\u09c1\u099d\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u09bf\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4460\" data-end=\"4559\">\n<p data-start=\"4462\" data-end=\"4559\"><strong data-start=\"4462\" data-end=\"4479\">\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae:<\/strong> \u099b\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6 \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09be\u09a8 \u0997\u09be\u0993 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ad\u09c1\u09b2\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u0986\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u0986\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b6\u09cb\u09a7\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09cb (&quot;\u098f\u099f\u09bf 6, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 8&quot;)\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4560\" data-end=\"4661\">\n<p data-start=\"4562\" data-end=\"4661\"><strong data-start=\"4562\" data-end=\"4584\">\u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b0-\u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be:<\/strong> \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c2\u09aa \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8, \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964 \u099c\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8, &quot;\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7?&quot;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4663\" data-end=\"4900\">\ud83d\udc49 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c1\u09a8 <strong data-start=\"4674\" data-end=\"4694\">\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a1<\/strong> \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0964 &quot;\u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09a7\u09be\u09aa&quot; \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u099b\u09cb\u099f-\u09a6\u09b2\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b2\u09be\u09aa\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964 \u09af\u09c7 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09c1\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u098f\u0995-\u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a8\u09a1\u09bc\u09ac\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09b6\u09bf\u099f \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09b9\u09be\u09a4\u09c7-\u0995\u09b2\u09ae\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"fws_69fe50958eabb\"  data-column-margin=\"default\" data-midnight=\"dark\"  class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row\"  style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; \"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\" data-bg-animation=\"none\" data-bg-animation-delay=\"\" data-bg-overlay=\"false\"><div class=\"inner-wrap row-bg-layer\" ><div class=\"row-bg viewport-desktop\"  style=\"\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"row_col_wrap_12 col span_12 dark left\">\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone\"  data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h3><strong>\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a1<\/strong><\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0995\u09bf \u0996\u09c1\u0981\u099c\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u09a4\u09be\u09ce\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b6\u09cd\u09a8 (\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u0995 \u2192 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af \/ \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b2\u09be\u09aa<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u09e7. \u098f\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0 \u098f\u0995 \u099a\u09bf\u09a0\u09bf\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0<\/strong> (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6 \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc)<\/td>\n<td>\u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc (\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u0993 \u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09bf\u09aa\u09bf\u0982 \u09ac\u09be \u09a1\u09be\u09ac\u09b2-\u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u09a8\u09af\u09bc)<\/td>\n<td>&quot;\u09a4\u09c1\u09ae\u09bf \u0995\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09c1\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09aa \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7?&quot; &quot;\u09a4\u09c1\u09ae\u09bf \u0995\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cb \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cb \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u0986\u099b\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09be?&quot;<\/td>\n<td><em>\u09a8\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc<\/em>: \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u0995\u09be\u09aa \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u0964<em>\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a6\u09be\u0981\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb<\/em>: \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09a7\u09be\u09aa\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09be \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2. \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2\u09be<\/strong> (\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09c1\u09a8)<\/td>\n<td>\u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u0982\u0997\u09a4 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 (\u09e7, \u09e8, \u09e9, \u2026)<\/td>\n<td>&quot;\u09eb \u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09c0 \u0986\u09b8\u09c7?&quot; &quot;\u09a4\u09c1\u09ae\u09bf \u0995\u09bf \u09e9 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ee \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09cb?&quot;<\/td>\n<td><em>\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be<\/em>: &quot;\u098f\u0995, \u09a6\u09c1\u0987, \u0986\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09c1\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u09a7\u09cb\u0964&quot;<em>\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09b2\u09be\u09ab<\/em>: \u09a4\u09b2 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a7\u09be\u09aa\u09c7 \u09a7\u09be\u09aa\u09c7 \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u09e9. \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u099f\u09bf<\/strong> (\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09bf &quot;\u0995\u09a4&quot; \u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7)<\/td>\n<td>\u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0, \u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0987 \u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/td>\n<td>&quot;\u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u0995\u09a4\u099c\u09a8?&quot; &quot;\u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u0986\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09bf, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09b9\u09ac\u09c7?&quot;<\/td>\n<td><em>\u0997\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be<\/em>: \u09ed\u099f\u09bf \u0996\u09c7\u09b2\u09a8\u09be \u0997\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09a8\u09c1\u09a8, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u0995\u09a4 \u09a4\u09be \u099c\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09b8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<em>\u09aa\u09be\u09b6\u09be \u0996\u09c7\u09b2\u09be<\/em>: \u0997\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 \u0997\u09c1\u09a8\u09c1\u09a8, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09ac\u09b2\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u09ea. \u09ac\u09bf\u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u0995\u09b0\u09a3<\/strong> (\u09af\u09c7\u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7: \u0996\u09c7\u09b2\u09a8\u09be, \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6, \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be)<\/td>\n<td>\u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\/\u0998\u099f\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7<\/td>\n<td>&quot;\u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u0995\u09bf \u09b2\u09be\u09ab\/\u09a4\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09bf?&quot; &quot;\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09c7 \u0986\u09b0 \u0995\u09c0 \u0997\u09c1\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09bf?&quot;<\/td>\n<td><em>\u09b9\u09be\u09a4\u09a4\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u09a6\u09be\u0993 \u0986\u09b0 \u0997\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/em>: \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09eb \u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09b9\u09be\u09a4\u09a4\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u09a6\u09be\u0993\u0964<em>\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1<\/em>: \u0995\u09b2\u09ae, \u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b2\u0995 \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09a8\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u09eb. \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be<\/strong> (\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09af\u09c7\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c7 \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7)<\/td>\n<td>\u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09c1\u099d\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ae\u09cb\u099f \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be<\/td>\n<td>&quot;\u09af\u09a6\u09bf \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09b2\u0995\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u098f\u09a6\u09bf\u0995-\u0993\u09a6\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf, \u09a4\u09be\u09b9\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u098f\u0996\u09a8\u0993 \u09ec\u099f\u09bf \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09ac\u09c7?&quot; &quot;\u098f\u099f\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09bf \u0993\u099f\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09a8\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09be\u09b0?&quot;<\/td>\n<td><em>\u09ac\u09cd\u09b2\u0995 \u09aa\u09be\u0987\u09b2\u09b8<\/em>: \u09eb\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09b2\u0995 \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8, \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09be\u099c\u09be\u09a8, \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<em>\u09a8\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u099f\u09bf<\/em>: \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u099f\u09c1\u0995\u09b0\u09cb\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a8, \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"fws_69fe50958f8fd\"  data-column-margin=\"default\" data-midnight=\"dark\"  class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row\"  style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; \"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\" data-bg-animation=\"none\" data-bg-animation-delay=\"\" data-bg-overlay=\"false\"><div class=\"inner-wrap row-bg-layer\" ><div class=\"row-bg viewport-desktop\"  style=\"\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"row_col_wrap_12 col span_12 dark left\">\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone\"  data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t<h2 data-start=\"4907\" data-end=\"4935\">\u09b8\u09ac\u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u098f\u0995\u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u099f\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7 \u0986\u09a8\u09be<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"4937\" data-end=\"5009\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a5\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u0997\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09a3\u09c0\u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09c7:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"5010\" data-end=\"5287\">\n<li data-start=\"5010\" data-end=\"5094\">\n<p data-start=\"5013\" data-end=\"5094\"><strong data-start=\"5013\" data-end=\"5037\">\u0997\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09cb\u0964<\/strong> \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc, \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 \u09a6\u09c8\u09a8\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5095\" data-end=\"5178\">\n<p data-start=\"5098\" data-end=\"5178\"><strong data-start=\"5098\" data-end=\"5132\">\u09b8\u09b0\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09ae \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/strong> \u09ac\u09bf\u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c3\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09b9\u099c\u09b2\u09ad\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5179\" data-end=\"5287\">\n<p data-start=\"5182\" data-end=\"5287\"><strong data-start=\"5182\" data-end=\"5218\">\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u0981\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/strong> \u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09be \u0987\u09a4\u09bf\u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7\u0987 \u099c\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09a7\u09be\u09aa\u099f\u09bf \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"5289\" data-end=\"5458\">\u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09a4\u0996\u09a8 \u098f\u0987 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be - \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be <strong data-start=\"5352\" data-end=\"5399\">\u0995\u09cc\u09a4\u09c2\u09b9\u09b2, \u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b8 \u099c\u09be\u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c1\u09a8<\/strong>, \u09ad\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u0964<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5460\" data-end=\"5463\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"5465\" data-end=\"5480\">\u09a4\u09a5\u09cd\u09af\u09b8\u09c2\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0<\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"5482\" data-end=\"7143\">\n<li data-start=\"5482\" data-end=\"5825\">\n<p data-start=\"5484\" data-end=\"5825\">\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u09a8\u09bf\u0989, \u0995\u09c7\u099c\u09c7, \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7, \u098f\u09b8., \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u0997, \u099c\u09c7\u09aa\u09bf (\u09e8\u09e6\u09e7\u09e9)\u0964 <em data-start=\"5538\" data-end=\"5624\">\u0995\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u099c\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0997\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09c7\u099f\u09be-\u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u0964<\/em> \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a8\u09be\u09b2 \u0985\u09ab \u098f\u09a1\u09c1\u0995\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09be\u09b2 \u09b8\u09be\u0987\u0995\u09cb\u09b2\u099c\u09bf, 105(2), 380\u2013400\u0964 <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/248701204_A_Meta-Analysis_of_the_Efficacy_of_Teaching_Mathematics_With_Concrete_Manipulatives?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"5677\" data-end=\"5823\">\u09aa\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf\u098f\u09ab \u09b2\u09bf\u0999\u09cd\u0995<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5826\" data-end=\"6032\">\n<p data-start=\"5828\" data-end=\"6032\">Clements, DH, &amp; Sarama, J. (2014)\u0964 <em data-start=\"5866\" data-end=\"5947\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a5\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u0997\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09cb: \u09b6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09aa\u09a5 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf (\u09e8\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09b0\u09a3)\u0964<\/em> \u09b0\u09c1\u099f\u09b2\u09c7\u099c\u0964 <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.learningtrajectories.org\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"5959\" data-end=\"6030\">\u09b6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09a4\u09bf\u09aa\u09a5\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u09b8<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6033\" data-end=\"6213\">\n<p data-start=\"6035\" data-end=\"6213\">\u09a1\u09be\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09a8, \u099c\u09bf\u099c\u09c7, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09c1\u0996 (\u09e8\u09e6\u09e6\u09ed)\u0964 <em data-start=\"6065\" data-end=\"6106\">\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ab\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u0964<\/em> \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u09ae\u09a8\u09cb\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8, 43(6), 1428\u20131446\u0964 <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18020822\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"6151\" data-end=\"6211\">\u09aa\u09be\u09ac\u09ae\u09c7\u09a1 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ae\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6214\" data-end=\"6462\">\n<p data-start=\"6216\" data-end=\"6462\">\u098f\u09a1\u09c1\u0995\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u098f\u09a8\u09a1\u09be\u0989\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u09ab\u09be\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 (\u09e8\u09e6\u09e8\u09e6)\u0964 <em data-start=\"6255\" data-end=\"6314\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a5\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u099b\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0997\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09e7\u0964<\/em> <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/d2tic4wvo1iusb.cloudfront.net\/production\/eef-guidance-reports\/early-maths\/EEF_Maths_EY_KS1_Guidance_Report.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"6315\" data-end=\"6460\">EEF \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8 PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6463\" data-end=\"6735\">\n<p data-start=\"6465\" data-end=\"6735\">Frye, D., Baroody, A., Burchinal, M., Carver, S., Jordan, NC, &amp; McDowell, J. (2013)\u0964 <em data-start=\"6553\" data-end=\"6622\">\u099b\u09cb\u099f \u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b6\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09cb: \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09be (NCEE 2014-4005)\u0964<\/em> \u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u0982\u099f\u09a8, \u09a1\u09bf\u09b8\u09bf: \u0986\u0987\u0987\u098f\u09b8\u0964 <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ies.ed.gov\/ncee\/wwc\/Docs\/PracticeGuide\/early_math_pg_111313.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"6644\" data-end=\"6733\">\u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0997\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u09aa\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf\u098f\u09ab<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6736\" data-end=\"6858\">\n<p data-start=\"6738\" data-end=\"6858\">\u0997\u09c7\u09b2\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8, \u0986\u09b0., \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b2, \u09b8\u09bf\u0986\u09b0 (\u09e7\u09ef\u09ed\u09ee)\u0964 <em data-start=\"6777\" data-end=\"6815\">\u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7 \u09b6\u09bf\u09b6\u09c1\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cb\u09a7\u0997\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be\u0964<\/em> \u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099c, \u098f\u09ae\u098f: \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u0987\u0989\u09a8\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b8\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6859\" data-end=\"7143\">\n<p data-start=\"6861\" data-end=\"7143\">\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09bf, \u099c\u09bf\u09ac\u09bf, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09bf\u0997\u09b2\u09be\u09b0, \u0986\u09b0\u098f\u09b8 (2011)\u0964 <em data-start=\"6901\" data-end=\"6987\">\u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8 \u0993 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf-\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c1\u09b2\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0996\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0997\u09a4 \u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u0964<\/em> \u099c\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a8\u09be\u09b2 \u0985\u09ab \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u09a1\u09c7\u09ad\u09c7\u09b2\u09aa\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b2 \u09b8\u09be\u0987\u0995\u09cb\u09b2\u099c\u09bf, 32(3), 146\u2013159\u0964 <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/siegler.tc.columbia.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/RamaniSiegler2011.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"7049\" data-end=\"7141\">\u09aa\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf\u098f\u09ab \u09b2\u09bf\u0999\u09cd\u0995<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Making Maths Meaningful Every Day: Time, Tools and Trajectories Why it matters The evidence is unequivocal: early maths is one of the strongest predictors of later academic success (Duncan et...","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6816,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[123,26,126,25,27],"tags":[35,58,31,37,127,128,102,60],"class_list":{"0":"post-6815","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-early-years","8":"category-evidence","9":"category-maths","10":"category-research","11":"category-teaching","12":"tag-classroom-routines","13":"tag-early-years-teaching-bangladesh","14":"tag-evidence-based-strategies","15":"tag-local-global-practice","16":"tag-mathematics","17":"tag-numeracy","18":"tag-professional-development-for-teachers","19":"tag-teacher-training-bangladesh"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ebtd.education\/bd\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ebtd.education\/bd\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ebtd.education\/bd\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ebtd.education\/bd\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ebtd.education\/bd\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6815"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ebtd.education\/bd\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6815\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6819,"href":"https:\/\/www.ebtd.education\/bd\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6815\/revisions\/6819"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ebtd.education\/bd\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6816"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ebtd.education\/bd\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ebtd.education\/bd\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ebtd.education\/bd\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6815"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u09a1\u09ac\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u0989\u09aa\u09bf","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}